Geoneutrino physics at JUNO

Geoneutrinos are produced by radioactive decays of long-lived isotopes, such as uranium, thorium, and potassium, within the Earth. Consequently, the geoneutrino flux depends on the abundance and distribution of these radioactive elements throughout the planet. By measuring this flux, we gain critical information not only for particle physics but also for geology, as geoneutrinos provide a unique tool to investigate the Earth’s radiogenic power and composition. To date, two experiments, KamLAND (Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector) and Borexino, have successfully detected geoneutrinos. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), currently under construction in southern China, represents a next-generation experiment. With its large volume and high-precision measurement capabilities, JUNO will enable unprecedented measurements of the geoneutrino flux. This work presents the predicted geoneutrino signal at JUNO and evaluates its sensitivity to the total geoneutrino flux.