Comparative Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Diagnosis of Helminth Infections

(1) <b>Background</b>: Helminth infections are a widespread global health concern, with Ascaris and taeniasis representing two of the most prevalent infestations. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as egg-based microscopy, are fraught with challenges, including subjectivity and low throughput, often leading to misdiagnosis. This study evaluates the efficacy of advanced deep learning models in accurately classifying <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> and <i>Taenia saginata</i> eggs from microscopic images, proposing a technologically enhanced approach for diagnostics in clinical settings. (2) <b>Methods</b>: Three state-of-the-art deep learning models, ConvNeXt Tiny, EfficientNet V2 S, and MobileNet V3 S, are considered. A diverse dataset comprising images of Ascaris, Taenia, and uninfected eggs was utilized for training and validating these models by performing multiclass experiments. (3) <b>Results</b>: All models demonstrated high classificatory accuracy, with ConvNeXt Tiny achieving an F1-score of 98.6%, followed by EfficientNet V2 S at 97.5% and MobileNet V3 S at 98.2% in the experiments. These results prove the potential of deep learning in streamlining and improving the diagnostic process for helminthic infections. The application of deep learning models such as ConvNeXt Tiny, EfficientNet V2 S, and MobileNet V3 S shows promise for efficient and accurate helminth egg classification, potentially significantly enhancing the diagnostic workflow. (4) <b>Conclusion</b>: The study demonstrates the feasibility of leveraging advanced computational techniques in parasitology and points towards a future where rapid, objective, and reliable diagnostics are standard.