Diverse Pathways of Climate Changes and Environmental Factors on Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases

The effects of changes in climatic factors like temperature, moisture, and precipitation influence host response through differences in vitamin D distribution, ultraviolet radiation, malnutrition, and other risk factors. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for the impact of climate change on tuberculosis through diverse pathways. The results of the analysis show a pathway's relationship between the environment, tuberculosis (TB) risk time, and social fabric is represented in the social environment; place vulnerability is an example of the built environment, the hazard potential functions through both the social and natural environment, while geographic context focuses on the natural aspects of the environment. Notwithstanding, environmental factors and infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis, have a complicated and multidimensional interaction. The synthesis of the previous studies and conceptual model of this paper, along with additional literature, underscores the need for public health strategies that incorporate environmental factors. The paper concludes that as climate change continues to shape global health landscapes, there is an urgent need for policies and interventions that address the complex interactions between climate, geography, and disease. Future research should continue to explore these relationships, as well as develop actionable insights for mitigating the public health impacts of climate-driven disease transmission. It is envisaged that this theoretical model will serve as a useful tool in identifying and addressing the gap, which consequently has long-term benefits on the risk factors for tuberculosis.