Identification of a Prognostic Signature Based on Tumor‐Infiltrating B Lymphocyte mRNA in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

<b>Introduction:</b> Tumor-infiltrating B cells (TILBs) are an important part of the immune response during tumor regulation. However, the significance of B cells in immunotherapy has not been fully determined. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, highly expressed genes in B cells were obtained by comparing the gene expression in B cells with that in other immune cells and were named TILB-mRNAs. Among them, those genes expressed in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) atlas were employed to screen for genes associated with HNSCC prognosis using univariate Cox analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, and a TILB-related signature was constructed to predict patient prognostic risk using multivariate Cox regression analyses. <b>Results:</b> The constructed TILB-related signature, which comprised seven mRNAs (<i>ZNF439</i>, <i>KMO</i>, <i>KDM5D</i>, <i>IFT57</i>, <i>HDAC9</i>, <i>GSAP</i>, and <i>CCR</i>7), was verified to have a good ability to predict the prognosis of patients with HNSCC using three independent validation datasets from GEO, and the predictive ability was not affected by other factors. The signature reflected the state of immune cell infiltration in tumor tissue, especially B cells, patients with higher risk scores (RSs) had fewer infiltrating immune cells in their tumors, especially B cells. The gene expression of the TILB-related signature was also verified in TILBs from HNSCC using single-cell analysis, revealing that TILB-related marker genes were differentially expressed in different GB cell subsets. <b>Discussion:</b> This study provides risk assessment and outcome prediction for patients with HNSCC and provides potential targets for immunotherapy of HNSCC.