Measuring disparities to emergency medicine with 200 million voter records: The case of rural hospital closures

Lower-income and older Americans, groups that tend to have worse health overall, face the longest travel distances to hospitals-perhaps contributing to income and age-based health disparities. Native Americans and rural whites, who themselves experience considerable health hardship, also have significant travel burdens to receive hospital care. Registered Republicans have longer travels to emergency care than Democrats, adding to recent research on partisan health disparities.