Importance of Classic Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Inflammatory Markers in St-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract Acute myocardial infarction represents one of the most frequent and serious pathologies in the field of cardiology and is associated with a very high mortality, especially in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is established by the presence of symptoms, ischemic changes on the electrocardiogram and the increase of biomarkers of myocardial necrosis. We will extensively study the presence of classic cardiovascular risk factors and their importance in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. As a rule, patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction have one or more associated risk factors, these can be modifiable risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, psychosocial factors) and unmodifiable risk (age, sex, heredity). Inflammation plays a role in the initiation, progression and rupture of the atheroma plaque, under the action of stimuli such as smoking, hypertension or obesity. Endothelial cells are activated with the expression of adhesion molecules for leukocytes; this endothelial dysfunction has the following causes: increased LDL-cholesterol, free radicals released by smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, genetic abnormalities, elevated homocysteineplasma concentrations and infections. It is demonstrated that inflammation in the body in the presence of acute myocardial infarction STEMI leads to a worse prognosis and an increased risk of mortality in these patients. Patients without inflammatory syndrome showed a more favorable prognosis in both the short and long term.