Bartholinitis in an Infant with Triple X Syndrome

Aim and background: This report aims to enhance suspicion of Bartholinitis in patients presenting with labial swelling in the first few months of life. Case description: We describe a baby with triple X syndrome that presented at 8 weeks of life with swelling of the left labium. History included severe respiratory distress at birth. An abscess was suspected and worsened despite treatment with vancomycin and gentamicin. Culture of spontaneous drainage revealed pan-sensitive <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>. Additionally, labial ultrasound revealed a fluid collection compatible with an abscess of the greater vestibular glands (eponym “Bartholin’s” gland abscess). Treatment with a fixed-dose combination of amoxicillin + clavulanate (Augmentin®), guided by susceptibility testing, resulted in its resolution. Conclusion: While Bartholinitis is a common diagnosis in postpubertal females, the literature reports only eight other cases in pediatric patients. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other reported cases of Bartholinitis in infants with triple X syndrome, casting doubt on an association. However, this case could shed light on infantile Bartholinitis as a potential complication of triple X syndrome or neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Clinical significance: We report this case to increase suspicion of Bartholinitis in cases of labial swelling, even during the first few months of life.