Institutional Dimensions and Their Impact on the Sustainability of Shallot Farming in Samosir Regency, Indonesia

Shallots are a vegetable that plays an important role in various Asian countries, including Indonesia. This plant, which belongs to the Liliaceae family, is one of the main sources of income for farmers in tropical regions. Shallots were once a prime agricultural commodity in North Sumatra Province. The well-known shallot cultivation centers in North Sumatra are located in the areas surrounding Lake Toba, at an altitude of 900-2000 meters above sea level, specifically in Samosir Regency. This study aims to analyze the institutional dimensions of shallot farming and their impact on the sustainability of shallot farming. The institutional variable (X4) has a positive effect on Farm Sustainability (Y), with a coefficient value (Original Sample column) of 0.300, T-Statistics = 3.237 > 1.96, and P-Values = 0.001 < 0.05. The most dominant indicators of the institutional variable (X) in influencing farm sustainability (Y) are participation in agricultural extension programs and farmer groups, with the highest path coefficient values of 0.952 and 0.957, respectively.