Lipid Profile Abnormalities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Tanzania: A Retrospective Study

<b>Introduction:</b> Type 2 diabetes mellitus poses global health challenges due to insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia. Understanding demographic characteristics and lipid profiles among diabetic patients is crucial for effective management and risk reduction. This study analyzes demographic distribution, gender representation, and lipid profile variations among Type 2 diabetes patients at the Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, aiming at informing tailored interventions to improve outcomes and mitigate cardiovascular risks associated with dyslipidemia. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective study analyzed data from 311 Type 2 diabetes patients at the Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital. Demographic data including age and gender were recorded, and lipid profiles (triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein) were assessed using standard clinical measurements. Statistical analyses determined frequency distributions of age groups, gender proportions, and lipid profile categories. Associations between lipid profiles and demographic factors were also examined. <b>Results:</b> The study cohort predominantly consisted of patients aged 60-69 years (35.05%), with females slightly outnumbering males (54.02% vs. 45.98%). Triglyceride levels ≥ 150 mg/dL were observed in 43% of patients, primarily in older age groups. While 72% of patients had high - density lipoprotein levels ≥ 35 mg/dL, this percentage declined with age. Low - density lipoprotein levels ≥ 130 mg/dL were prevalent in 41.77% of patients, indicating a notable proportion with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Higher levels of high-density lipoprotein were associated with better glycemic control, as indicated by lower glycated hemoglobin levels (< 6.5%), although the relationship between high-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular outcomes remains unclear. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study reveals significant demographic and lipid profile variations among Type 2 diabetes patients at the Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, influenced by aging. Tailored management strategies considering age- and gender-specific trends in lipid profiles could optimize glycemic control and reduce cardiovascular risks associated with Type 2 diabetes, thereby enhancing overall patient outcomes and quality of life.