Mandibular incisors angulation and position among various vertical facial patterns: An artificial intelligence-based cephalometric study

The position and inclination of the mandibular incisors are critical factors in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment and retention. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the position and angulation of mandibular incisors across various vertical growth patterns. One hundred and three cephalograms from untreated patients were analyzed using the artificial intelligence-based Webceph software. The mandibular incisor position and angulation of the vertical group exhibited the highest values, while the horizontal group demonstrated the lowest values. Thus, mandibular incisors exhibit greater proclination and protrusion in the vertical pattern group, while displaying increased retroclination and retrusion in the horizontal pattern group.