Efficacy of combined immunotherapy and targeted therapy in overcoming barriers to postoperative recurrence in squamous subtype anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with abscess: a case report and literature review

The management of postoperative recurrence of ATC-PSCCT presents significant challenges, as recurrent tumors typically demonstrate increased aggressiveness and resistance to pharmacological interventions, necessitating multimodal therapeutic approaches. Tislelizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, may facilitate immune-mediated tumor clearance through the activation of various immune cells, including natural killer cells and macrophages. Despite the patient's PD-1 negativity, the combination of anlotinib and tislelizumab may exert synergistic effects through distinct mechanisms, thereby potentially enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The integration of a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor within this combination therapy regimen warrants further investigation.