HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SPECTRUM OF NON- NEOPLASTIC AND NEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF ORAL CAVITY

Background: Oral cavity is one of the commonest sites exhibiting a wide spectrum of pathological lesions, usually ranging from inflammatory to benign, premalignant and malignant lesions. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer globally and remains one among the few life-threatening oral diseases. Histopathology remains the gold standard in diagnosis and plays a main role in the management of oral cancers. Accurate and early diagnosis can provide better prognosis. Early and timely management can be helpful. Aim: Setting And Study Design: The main aim is to study the wide spectrum of oral cavity lesions and analyse histopathologically . This is a retrospective study done in the Department of Pathology, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool. A retrosp Materials And Methods: ective study is conducted for a period of 22 months (January 2023 to October 2024) at our institute. For all the specimens received from oral cavity for histopathological examination at our department, grossing was done, processed; Haematoxylin and Eosin stain was done. Reporting was done by light microscopy. The other parameters that were included in our study were sociodemographic details, site of the lesion and the other relevant clinical information. Slides were retrieved from biopsy section. Data is collected and entered in MS excel sheet and was analysed. A Results: total of 140 specimens of oral cavity were studied, out of which 36(25.71%) were non-neoplastic, 23(16.42%) were benign,14(10%) were premalignant and 67(47.85%) were malignant. Mucous retention cyst was the most common non-neoplastic lesion and Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common neoplastic lesion. A wide age range of 5-84 years was identified and male predominance was observed. Conclusion: Our study concluded that SCC was the most common neoplastic lesion among the wide spectrum of oral cavity lesions. Histopathological examination is the most important and the gold standard tool for confirming the diagnosis and for the proper management.