Multiple Indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) as independent prognostic indicators in pediatric osteosarcoma: A ten-year retrospective study

Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodules are relatively common in pediatric osteosarcoma patients. In particular, multiple IPNs are strongly associated with a higher tumor burden and increased metastatic potential, serving as an independent indicator of poor prognosis. These findings emphasize the importance of preoperative IPN assessment and risk stratification in guiding individualized treatment strategies.