Synthesis and application of SA-g-poly (AAc-IA)/ bentonite composite for norfloxacin drug adsorption from aqueous solution

This research explored the creation and application of a composite material, SA-g-poly (AAc-IA)/bentonite, for removing Norfloxacin (NOR) from water. Synthesized through copolymerization, the composite's properties were characterized using FTIR, TGA, FESEM, and AFM. FTIR analysis confirmed essential functional groups, with shifts observed in the 1500–1750 cm⁻¹ range post-NOR adsorption. FESEM images showed a porous surface, with particle sizes between 50–200 nm, that became less porous after adsorption. TGA analysis indicated thermal stability up to 300°C, followed by significant decomposition between 300–550°C due to organic component breakdown. Adsorption studies revealed equilibrium within 120 minutes, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 9.99 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed a spontaneous and endothermic process, with ΔH of +23.76 kJ/mol. Kinetic modeling showed a pseudo-second-order mechanism, indicating chemisorption. These findings suggest the SA-g-poly (AAc-IA)/bentonite composite is a potentially efficient and cost-effective adsorbent for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.