Bridging Digital Gaps: A Framework to Enhance Digital Economy Competences in Malaysia

Rapid digital transformation of economies underscores the critical need to develop digital competencies for inclusive participation and sustainable growth. This study focusses on creating a digital economy competency framework specifically tailored to Malaysia's socio-economic context through a systematic literature review (SLR) and the Delphi method. The SLR identified 72 relevant studies, while the Delphi process involved two rounds of questionnaires with 30 experts, resulting in a strong consensus on essential digital competencies. The findings highlight the importance of integrating digital literacy into education and vocational training along with fostering solid digital leadership. Emphasising the necessity of practical training programmes and targeted policies to bridge the digital divide, the framework outlines vital competencies, including technical skills, information literacy, communication and collaboration, creation of digital content, safety and security, and problem solving and innovation. This framework serves as a strategic guide for policymakers, educators, and industry stakeholders to enhance digital competencies, promote inclusion, and support the growth of Malaysia's digital economy, ensuring that all citizens benefit from the ongoing digital transformation.