Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Management of Hypertension: Advancements and Challenges

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a global health challenge, with hypertension emerging as a leading risk factor. Hypertension, characterized by elevated arterial blood pressure (BP), significantly increases the risk of stroke and other CVDs. Despite advancements in antihypertensive medication, the effectiveness of hypertension treatment is often hindered by poor bioavailability and limited drug efficacy. In this quest, nanoparticles (NPs) offer a promising avenue for addressing the limitations associated with conventional antihypertensive drugs in hypertension treatment. Among several NPs, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have emerged as a potential candidate, presenting a multifaceted approach to revolutionize drug delivery within this domain. SLNs, characterized by a lipophilic matrix and stabilized by surfactants, offer scalability and compatibility with biological systems compared to several polymer-based nanosystems. By encapsulating antihypertensive drugs, SLNs enhance drug solubility and bioavailability and provide sustained release, thereby improving treatment efficacy. In this context, this review provides an overview of the pathophysiology of hypertension and the role of SLNs in drug delivery. Various preparation techniques of SLNs are discussed, highlighting their versatility and potential in pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, the role of SLNs in the management of hypertension is thoroughly examined, with a focus on enhancing the physicochemical properties of antihypertensive drugs. Overall, SLNs represent a promising strategy for optimizing hypertension treatment by addressing the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems. By enhancing drug stability, bioavailability, and efficacy, SLNs offer new possibilities for improving patient outcomes and reducing the global burden of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to contribute to the ongoing research and development of innovative therapies for hypertension management.