Voltage Level Managements of Multilevel Inverter Based on Renewable Energy Sources and Environment Conditions

Due to its advantages in applications requiring high voltage, high power, and low harmonics, multilevel inverter (MLI) technology has attracted a lot of attention. Using multilevel inverter technology, one can expect to obtain output voltage and current waveforms of the highest quality. However, as the number of levels increases, so does the numbers of the switching devices and energy sources. This issue can be solved by creating the MLI using hybrid technology. This paper is devoted to designing a hybrid multilevel inverter with fewer switching elements and a modulation technique for multiple energy sources. In multilevel inverters, the most essential requirements are the evolution of the hybrid MLI model and a decrease of harmonic components in the output of the inverter voltage/current. This study proposes a system composed of four distinct renewable energy sources besides a backup battery. Three solar PV panel systems with voltages of (8:4:2)E are recommended, along with a wind turbine of 2E, a battery source of 1E, and a battery source of 1E. The sum of all DC sources was (8:4:2:2:1:1)E to generate a 37-level voltage on the output if all renewable energies are available. The system can also work to generate 35-level (without using batteries). Also, it can generate 33-level (without wind), 9-level (without PV systems), and 3-level (just using one of the battery systems). So, the system is flexible to generate different output levels according to what renewable energy sources are available. The system was created using the MATLAB software. The results proved that the designed hybrid multilevel has good THD responses for each level of MLI regarding the IEEE Standard of 519-2022.