Beyond intent: enhancing transparency in automated vehicle behaviour by visualising their connectivity

Abstract Enhancing transparency in automated vehicle (AV) behaviour can help pedestrians understand how AVs work, which builds trust and ensures safer interactions. As AVs increasingly operate as part of a coordinated network, it is important to make their connectivity clear, helping pedestrians anticipate AV behaviour on the road. This study uses a qualitative design exploration to investigate visual methods for conveying AV connectivity. In the first phase, design concepts were generated using a biomimicry approach, drawing inspiration from nature, such as the harmonious chirping of crickets. In the second phase, focus groups with 16 participants were conducted to gather new concept ideas and evaluate the biomimicry-inspired designs. Our findings suggest that network symbols (e.g., Wi-Fi signals) or graphical elements resembling these symbols (e.g., ripple waves) are more effective in communicating connectivity than abstract methods, such as light patterns moving in a coordinated manner across vehicles. Highly visible connectivity cues may enhance pedestrians' perceived safety, a promising area for future research. This research contributes to ongoing efforts in designing intuitive visual communication strategies for AVs, moving beyond intent communication to include how AVs function as a network.