Adaptability of Ten Bread Wheat Genotypes under Delta, Middle, and Upper Egypt Conditions

Genotype by environment interaction (GXE) is a serious issue under multi environment trials. Therefore, many statistical models were implemented to deal with GXE e.g. Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Effect (AMMI) model. Ten bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in three seasons at five locations vz. Sakha, Giza, Sids, Malawy, and Shandaweel Agric. Res. St., Egypt from 2020/21 through 2022/23 winter growing seasons. The results showed significant differences between seasons (S), locations (L), and their interactions for all traits, except in case of S, SXG, SXLXG in plant height, days to heading, No. of kernels/spike, respectively. The mean overall performance indicated that G5 had the highest mean performance in No. of spikes/m2, 1000 kernels weight, and grain yield, while G7 has the highest performance in No. kernels/spike. The results indicated that the first two components of principal component of the interaction of matrix (IPCA 1 and IPCA 2) contributed with 45.69% and 20.71%, respectively with 66.40% of total G×E interaction variation. IPCA 2 was plotted against IPCA 2 for AMMI biplot; AMMI illustrated that G5 is the most adapted and stable genotype while G7 is the most sensitive genotype overall environments.