DECIPHERING THE MYSTERIES OF THE NECK: CASE SERIES ON DETERMINING THE CAUSE OF DEATH

Background: Forensic pathologists encounter significant challenges during neck examinations owing to anatomical complexities, the presence of overlapping injury patterns, and the critical need to distinguish between injuries sustained before death and those resulting from postmortem changes. These challenges underscore the importance of developing more refined diagnostic techniques to accurately determine the cause of death.Methodology: In this case series, the author describes three cases in which postmortem findings revealed unique characteristics. Case No. 1: The discovery of an unidentified male body near a farm exhibited signs of injury, such as abrasions and muscle-deep lacerations on the fingers, in addition to postmortem changes, such as greenish discoloration. Internal examination revealed diffuse blood extravasation in the neck muscles. Investigative findings at the scene, including disturbed ground and mud-covered electrical equipment, and histopathological findings, led to the determination of electrocution as the cause of death. Case No. 2: A 40-year-old male who died following an alleged assault presented with sutured facial wounds and neck contusions. Internal examination revealed significant neck blood extravasation, a fractured mandible, and tracheal blood accumulation. These findings indicated death due to blood inhalation secondary to mandibular fracture. Case No. 3: Examination of a 56-year-old male, retrieved from a canal with suspected foul play revealed external antemortem lacerations and abrasions on the face. Internally, contusions on the neck muscles and symptoms consistent with drowning were observed, confirming drowning as the cause of death. Discussion: This case series underscores the complexity of diagnosing neck bleeding in scenarios beyond asphyxiation or traumatic death, highlighting the need for meticulous evaluation to prevent misinterpretation. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of enhancing forensic pathology practices through detailed case studies and systematic research, aiming to refine the approach for interpreting neck-related autopsy findings.