Controllable nonlinearities in Landau-quantized graphene

This article presents an exclusive study of the linear and higher-order susceptibilities, as well as the reduction in group index of a weak probe pulse in a three-level Landau-quantized graphene (LQG) system, under the influence of a strong control field, utilizing the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency. The influence of the magnetic field on the higher-order nonlinearities (Kerr, quintic, and septic) leads to observable changes in amplitudes and shifts in probe frequencies. The LQG system exhibits giant values for these nonlinear susceptibilities with χ(3), χ(5), χ(7) reaching magnitudes approximately ∼10−18m3/V2, ∼10−30m5/V4, and ∼10−42m7/V6, respectively, in the mid-infrared range. The magnetic field also induces asymmetric absorption peaks and modifies dispersion profiles. The study also demonstrates a reduction in the group velocity of the probe, under the effect of the magnetic field, by 1000-fold compared to the speed of light in free space. These giant higher-order nonlinearities, coupled with significantly reduced group velocity, suggest that the LQG system is a quick responder, revealing it as an excellent candidate for terahertz modulation. This also highlights the potential of the system as a promising material for generating and detecting coherent nonlinear signals in the mid-infrared range.