Petrol Filling Stations as Emerging Social Hubs: Assessing Health Risks and Urban Planning Challenges – A Case Study of New Cairo, Egypt

The relationship between urban planning, public health, and the risks associated with petrol filling stations (PFS) serving as informal social hubs is increasingly significant in rapidly urbanizing areas. In New Cairo, Egypt, PFS have evolved from purely service-oriented spaces to vibrant social gathering points, a trend that became more prominent during the COVID-19 pandemic. This shift demonstrates how urban infrastructure adapts to changing societal behaviours but also introduces public health concerns, including increased exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and a heightened risk of disease transmission.This study aims to assess the dual role of PFS as both essential urban facilities and emerging social spaces, examining their health and environmental implications. A mixed-methods approach, including a literature review, behavioural analysis, spatial assessments, and structured user surveys, is employed to evaluate VOC exposure levels, social interaction patterns, and public risk perceptions. The findings reveal that PFS function as critical social nodes, particularly for young adults. However, air quality measurements indicate that VOC concentrations near seating and gathering areas often exceed WHO-recommended safety thresholds. The research underscores the need for integrated urban planning and public health policies that balance the social utility of PFS with necessary safety regulations, ensuring healthier and more sustainable urban environments.