Reconfigurable metasurface based on graphene optical antennas for dynamic beam steering

Metasurface represents a transformative advancement in photonics due to its exotic abilities to control electromagnetic wave properties. The integration of graphene and metasurface propels metasurface to new heights of compact footprint, reconfigurability, and multi-functionality. In this article, a reconfigurable metasurface based on graphene optical antennas is designed as a reflective surface that controls the beam steering by tuning graphene’s Fermi energy based on the concept of a phase-shifting surface. The results demonstrated that the designed metasurface can dynamically steer the reflected beam at different reflection angles, in addition to their capability to reflect a single beam and three beams. The metasurface exhibits high gain and directivity at different reflection angles. These steering capabilities provide a potentially efficient method for developing and simplifying dynamic reconfigurable beam-steering systems.