<scp>MMR</scp> deficiency is frequent in colorectal carcinomas with diffuse <scp>SLFN11</scp> immunostaining: clinicopathologic and molecular study of 31 cases identified among 3,300 tumors

Schlafen 11 (SLFN11), a regulator of cell fate following DNA injury, sensitizes tumor cells to DNA-damaging agents. Patients with SLFN11-positive tumors may benefit from DNA-damaging chemotherapies. SLFN11 has been studied in different types of cancer including colorectal carcinomas. However, colorectal carcinomas with diffuse positivity (expression in ≥80% of tumor cells) have not been meticulously characterized. SLFN11 immunostaining of tumor microarrays (TMAs) with 3,300 primary CRCs identified 65 (~2.0%) tumors with focal staining (<10% of tumor nuclei positive), 83 (~2.5%) with patchy (≥10% and <80%) and 51 (~1.5%) with diffuse (≥80%) SLFN11 positivity. The latter was confirmed on full sections from donor blocks in 31 (~1%) cases, which were further studied including evaluation of additional immunohistochemical markers, genotyping with targeted DNA sequencing, and assessment of microsatellite instability. SLFN11-positive carcinomas were mostly (21/31, 68%) right-sided tumors with a female predominance (21/31, 68%) and median age of 67 years. Eighteen of 31 (58%) contained areas of mucinous differentiation. Deficiency of mismatch repair proteins was detected in 65% (20/31) of SLFN11-positive carcinomas. Moreover, MLH1 (n = 2), MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 germline mutations were identified in 25% (5/20) of patients with mismatch repair deficient tumors. BRAF p.V600E mutation was found in 45% (9/20) of mismatch repair deficient, but only 1 of 11 proficient tumors. Colorectal carcinomas with diffuse SLFN11 positivity were often mismatch repair deficient tumors with their typical clinical, morphological, and molecular characteristics.