Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial Properties, and Antiplasmodial Activity of Bauhinia rufescens Root Extract

The increasing resistance to existing antimalarial drugs has elevated malaria to a critical global health concern, underscoring the urgent need for novel, safe, and effective therapeutic solutions. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition, antiplasmodial activity, and antibacterial properties of Bauhinia rufescens root extract. The roots were extracted using 85% methanol and screened for phytochemicals using standard methods. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the Agar Well Diffusion Method, while the antiplasmodial efficacy was tested in Plasmodium berghei-infected male Swiss albino mice at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg. Phytochemical screening identified alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, phlobatannins, and anthraquinones. The extract exhibited dose-dependent antiplasmodial activity, significantly reducing parasitaemia levels and extending the survival of infected mice. Additionally, antimicrobial assays demonstrated moderate inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These findings support the traditional use of Bauhinia rufescens in managing malaria and associated infections, highlighting its potential as a promising source for developing multi-target therapies.