Mathematical Transmission Dynamics and Intervention Strategies for Monkeypox: A Model-Based Approach Including Human-Rodent Interactions

Monkeypox is now a major public health problem because of threats of infection, which include animal-to-human with human-to-human transmissions of the disease. In this paper, we proposed a SEIR-type model to understand different routes of disease spread by including human-to-animal transmission and intervention strategies. Isolation, hospitalization, and diagnosis parameters are incorporated into the human population as a means of reducing the spread of the disease. The model equations were first transformed to obtain the basic reproduction number Ro. The Disease-Free Equilibrium (DFE) and Endemic Equilibrium (EE) are obtained, and the equilibrium of differential systems free from the disease is stable when Ro < 1 and unstable otherwise. The findings indicated that quarantine, hospitalization of infected individuals in the human population, and diagnosis help to maintain a low disease transmission rate in reducing the Basic reproduction number of monkeypox to have a value of 0.9338.