Before the 18th century: The socio-cultural condition of meitei society under the ningthouja dynasty

The Meitei society before the eighteenth century was a self-sustaining civilization deeply rooted in its indigenous belief system, shaping its cultural and social framework. This study examines the socio-cultural conditions of the Meitei people, focusing on their spiritual traditions, social hierarchy, ecological practices, and martial ethos. Through a qualitative historical approach, relying on secondary sources, memoirs, and ethnographic studies, the study highlights the central role of ancestral reverence, rituals, and traditional governance in shaping Meitei identity. The findings suggest that despite later transformations, the core cultural values of the Meitei people persisted, reflecting their adaptability and resilience. By analyzing these historical dimensions, this study provides insights into a thriving society that maintained its foundational identity even amidst external influences.