Efficacy of Genetically Modified Mosquitoes vs. Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets in Reducing Malaria Transmission in Endemic Regions

This review article critically evaluated the efficacy of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes versus insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) in reducing malaria transmission in endemic regions. Malaria remains a significant public health issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, where it continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. ITNs have been a cornerstone in malaria control, providing individuals with effective protection against Anopheles mosquitoes. However, challenges such as insecticide resistance and improper usage threaten their long-term effectiveness. In contrast, GM mosquitoes represent a novel approach that targets the malaria vector at its source, either by reducing mosquito populations or disrupting the transmission of the parasite. Trials involving GM mosquitoes have shown promising results, with reductions in mosquito populations and transmission rates observed in experimental settings. However, issues such as cost, scalability, and ethical concerns remain barriers to their widespread adoption. The methodology employed in this review involved a comprehensive analysis of published studies, field trials, and expert opinions to assess the comparative effectiveness of ITNs and GM mosquitoes. Both interventions have their merits and challenges; however, the future of malaria control will likely lie in a combination of both strategies, tailored to specific regional needs. Further research and innovation are necessary to optimize their use and ensure sustainable malaria control. Keywords: Malaria Transmission, Genetically Modified Mosquitoes, Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets, Vector Control, Public Health.