The Effect of Structured Physical Activity Programs on Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Adolescents with Prediabetes

Structured physical activity programs have shown promising effects in improving insulin sensitivity among overweight adolescents with prediabetes. These interventions work through multiple mechanisms, including enhanced glucose uptake, reduction in visceral fat, improved mitochondrial function, and decreased systemic inflammation, all of which contribute to improved insulin action. Combined aerobic and resistance training exercises, in particular, appear to offer the most comprehensive benefits, addressing both metabolic health and the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes. The clinical evidence strongly supports the efficacy of physical activity in enhancing insulin sensitivity and preventing the development of type 2 diabetes in adolescents at risk. Tailoring exercise programs to individual needs, age, and fitness levels, while incorporating dietary changes and other lifestyle modifications, has been shown to improve outcomes. Ensuring long-term adherence and addressing barriers to participation are also critical for optimizing the effectiveness of these interventions. As prediabetes continues to rise in the adolescent population, structured exercise should be prioritized as a central component of prevention and management strategies. Further research is needed to identify the optimal exercise intensity, duration, and combination for maximizing benefits. This review utilized a comprehensive analysis of existing clinical studies and meta-analyses to evaluate the impact of physical activity on insulin sensitivity in this population. Keywords: Insulin Sensitivity, Overweight Adolescents, Prediabetes, Structured Physical Activity, Type 2 Diabetes Prevention.