Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition that affects the prostate gland in aging men, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that significantly impact quality of life. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by a cluster of risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and pro-inflammatory states, is increasingly being recognized as a significant determinant in the progression of various chronic diseases, including prostate disorders. The relationship between MetS and BPH has garnered considerable attention in recent years, suggesting that components of MetS may contribute to the pathophysiology of BPH. This review explores the mechanisms linking MetS with BPH, highlighting the role of insulin resistance, obesity, and inflammation in prostate enlargement. We also examine the clinical implications of this association, including its potential impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of BPH in men with MetS. Understanding these interconnections may provide new avenues for managing BPH in patients with metabolic abnormalities. Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, lower urinary tract symptoms.