Identifying and Prioritizing Key Factors for Energy Performance in Façade Systems across Diverse Climate Zones

This research investigates the role of advanced facade systems in enhancing building energy efficiency across various climate zones. Building facades are crucial for thermal performance, affecting energy consumption, occupant comfort, and environmental sustainability. The study analyzes multiple facade types, including double-skin facades, adaptive facades, ventilated facades, and Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), examining their potential to reduce energy demand by controlling solar gain, optimizing insulation, and supporting natural ventilation. Through a literature review and case studies, this research evaluates facade systems' effectiveness, feasibility, and financial viability in heating-dominated, cooling-dominated, and mixed climates. Findings indicate that facade systems tailored to specific climate conditions can significantly lower energy use, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and promote sustainable building practices. However, challenges such as high installation costs, maintenance demands, and complex design integration hinder the widespread adoption of these systems. The study concludes with recommendations to improve cost-effectiveness, adaptability, and energy performance, supporting the integration of energy-efficient facades into mainstream construction practices.