Enhancing voltage stability in DC microgrid using robust integral sliding mode controller

Direct current microgrids (DCMG) have garnered immense popularity due to the absence of frequency synchronization, reactive power compensation, and skin effect issues. However, challenges associated with the voltage regulation of dc bus persist in DCMG. This paper introduces a DCMG consisting of wind, photovoltaic, hydrogen storage system, ultracapacitor, and battery. The primary objectives are to sustain the dc bus voltage and maintain the power balance. Hence, to achieve the desired objectives and for the reliable operation of DCMG, an integral sliding mode controller (ISMC) is proposed. To evaluate the performance of ISMC, DCMG is set up and simulated in Matlab/Simulink. Through comprehensive simulations, the effectiveness of the proposed ISMC is demonstrated. Furthermore, the efficacy of the implemented control approach is validated through the real-time experiments conducted with hardware in the loop.