Fundamental Performance of Environmentally Considerate Concrete

To achieve carbon neutrality, it is crucial to increase the use of environmentally considerate concrete comprising portland blast-furnace cement type B (BB) and a large amount of fly ash (FA) owing to their low carbon emissions. Herein, we used FA type II (FAII) as a substitute for cement equivalent to FA cement type C and/or a partial substitute for fine aggregate, and with BB in concrete. The results show that environmentally considerate concrete that used BB and containing a large amount of FAII must be considered for carbonation. Moreover, FAII can be used as fine aggregate in concrete, which is expected to increase its usage as a material for concrete.