COLELITÍASE NO CENÁRIO BRASILEIRO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cholelithiasis, characterized by the formation of gallstones, is a significant public health condition with a notable prevalence. The complex interplay between genetic, dietary, and physiological factors contributes to its etiology. This study aimed to analyze the Brazilian scenario regarding the prevalence, risk factors, and approach to cholelithiasis. Method: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify national studies published between 2014 and 2024. Results: The analysis of 16 studies revealed a high prevalence of cholelithiasis, mainly in the Southeast region. The disease primarily affects women from the fifth decade of life onwards, and obesity emerges as a significant risk factor. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold-standard treatment, but refusal of treatment and the presence of comorbidities can influence the prognosis. Discussion: Cholelithiasis is a multifactorial condition that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach is fundamental for the comprehensive management of the disease. Health education, with a focus on promoting healthy habits, is essential for prevention and control. Conclusion: In the national scenario, at least one-fifth of the population has gallstones in asymptomatic or symptomatic forms. The pathology mainly manifests in women in the age group of 50 years. Obese, sedentary individuals with dyslipidemia and diets rich in fats are the main risk factors. Studies have associated the use of contraceptives and pregnancies with the formation of gallstones, usually asymptomatic, and recommend the inclusion of abdominal ultrasound in prenatal care in addition to attention to the emergence of symptoms and complications. Keywords: Gallbladder, gallstones, cholecystectomy