Exercise Mediated Prevention of Cognitive Decline

Decline in cognitive functions and behavioural problems are the common and inter-related symptoms of dementia. Progression of behavioural problems in people with dementia is associated with a higher rate of cognitive decline. Cognitive and behavioural problems can induce diverse issues such as reduced daily function and independence, which substantially increase the risk of institutionalization and caregiver burden. Cognitive decline is a natural process that occurs with aging, and it encompasses reductions in various functions including memory and processing speed. Public health concerns such as dementia are ever-increasing. Exercise is a promising tool for maintaining cognitive function and reducing the risk of dementia. Here, we describe the various pathways through which exercise preserves cognitive function -- in neurological and cardiovascular domains. Physical activity supports brain health and much research has shown the benefits of exercise, though further studies are needed to investigate individualized approaches to exercise, potentially leveraging precision medicine. Future research should examine more standardized procedures of how exactly exercise improves cognitive function, and potentially utilize precision medicine for individualized guidance.