Control of a Gel-Forming Chemical Reaction Network Using Light-Triggered Proton Pumps

Numerous metabolic processes in nature are governed by extrinsic stimuli such as light and pH variations, which afford opportunities for synthetic and biological applications. In developing a multisensor apparatus, we have integrated submicrometer purple membrane patches, each harboring bacteriorhodopsin, onto a surface. Bacteriorhodopsin is a light-driven proton pump. We conducted monitoring of the interactions between this system and a pH-responsive supramolecular hydrogel to evaluate fibrous matrix growth. Initial photostimulation induced localized reductions in pH at the membrane surface, thereby catalyzing fibrogenesis within the hydrogel. Utilizing liquid atomic force microscopy alongside confocal laser scanning microscopy, we observed the hydrogel's morphogenesis and structural adaptations in real time. The system adeptly modulated microscale pH environments, fostering targeted fibrous development within the hydrogel matrix. This elucidates the potential for engineering responsive materials that emulate natural bioprocesses.