Experimental Investigation on the Influence of Different Reservoir Water Levels on Landslide-Induced Impulsive Waves

Since the impoundment of the Baihetan Reservoir, water-involved landslides have become widespread. Existing studies on landslide-generated waves have rarely examined the impact of varying water levels on wave characteristics. This paper focuses on the Wangjiashan (WJS) landslide in the Baihetan Reservoir area of China, conducting geomechanical experiments to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of landslide-generated waves under different water level conditions. Utilizing a self-developed experimental measurement system, this study accurately records key parameters during the generation, propagation, and run-up of landslide-generated waves. It captures the complete sliding process of the WJS landslide under various water level conditions and elucidates the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of waves throughout their entire lifecycle, from generation through propagation to run-up. The research results indicate that water level factors significantly influence key parameters such as initial wave height, run-up on the opposite bank, propagation characteristics along the course, and maximum run-up in the Xiangbiling residential area. Generally, wave height initially increases and then decreases as the water level drops. Furthermore, this study offers crucial experimental data to deepen the understanding of the physical mechanisms of landslide-generated waves, advancing landslide disaster early warning technologies and enhancing the scientific accuracy and precision of landslide risk management.