Effectiveness of kerosene/water conveying ternary (Cu–SiO ₂ –Al ₂ O ₃ ) nanoparticles flowing in vertical cylinder subjected to a melting phenomenon

The circulation of ternary nanoparticles (Cu–SiO2–Al2O3) in a vertical cylinder filled with kerosene and water is important for improving the transmission of heat in modern lubricant and cooling technologies. This study focuses on the effects of melting and Thompson–Troian slip circumstances. The current study examines the comparative analysis of two different base liquids(Kerosene/Water) with ternary nanoparticles transport across a stretching vertical cylinder by incorporating the impacts of melting, mixed convection, Thomson and Troian slip. The modelled governing equations are converted into a system of ordinary equations using suitable similarity variables and then solved numerically using Runge–Kutta Fehlberg 4th−5th order. The main outcomes show that [Formula: see text] consistently display greater velocities than [Formula: see text]. Streamlines are demonstrated to be impacted by variations in the melting factor, slip, and critical shear rates. The results demonstrate the advantages of water-based nanofluids for velocity profiles and kerosene-based nanofluids for heat profiles in numerous engineering applications.