Multifunctional Double-Loaded Oral Nanoplatform for Computed Tomography Imaging-Guided and Integrated Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Excessive reactive oxygen species, disruption of the epithelial barrier, immune dysregulation, and gut microbiota imbalance are key factors driving the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and complicating its treatment. Prompt diagnosis of diseases and precise delivery of therapeutic agents to inflamed intestinal sites offer promising targeted strategies for effectively treating IBD. Here, a barium sulfate-based nanoplatform (BaSO₄@PDA@CeO₂/DSP, BPCD) for synergistic delivery of nanozymes and drugs was developed. With enhanced colonic retention after oral drug delivery, this nanoplatform enables precise and effective targeting of inflammatory sites and CT imaging guidance to address multiple factors contributing to IBD. A comprehensive therapeutic effect was achieved through the synergistic action of cerium oxide with the optimized Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ ratio and sustained release of dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Benefiting from superior gastrointestinal stability, the nanoplatform is highly effective in treating IBD by alleviating oxidative stress, modulating macrophage polarization balance, gut flora composition, and repairing the epithelial barrier. BPCD inhibits the development of IBD through multiple mechanisms and has superior biocompatibility, emerging as a practical alternative to traditional IBD therapies.