Parallelized two-step-absorption 3D laser nanoprinting via computational holography using a digital micromirror device

Two-step-absorption 3D laser nanoprinting is an attractive alternative to its multi-photon-absorption counterpart as it allows for using compact and cost-efficient continuous-wave laser sources. Given that single-focus laser powers are typically below 1 mW, multi-focus parallelization is a viable approach to increase print speed while still relying on compact continuous-wave laser sources. We combine an established photoresist system for two-step-absorption 3D laser nanoprinting with a multi-focus approach based on binary holography. For this purpose, a digital micromirror device (DMD) is used as a beam-splitting and beam-steering device. This allows for the individual control of each laser focus within the print plane.