Properties of Standard, Fuzzy, and Self-interacting Dark Matter Haloes in Dwarf Galaxies

Abstract This study examines the properties of standard cold dark matter (CDM), fuzzy dark matter (FDM), and self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) haloes by analyzing the rotation curves of selected dwarf galaxies from SPARC and LITTLE THINGS in 3D catalogs. Utilizing the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for model fitting and Bayesian Information Criterion for model comparison, we find that compared to CDM, both FDM and SIDM haloes generally provide better fits to the observed rotation curves. Our findings reveal that the concentration–mass relation derived from the dark matter-only simulations is not followed by concentrations or masses obtained from the rotation curve data. Our analysis highlights a positive correlation between the core sizes of FDM and SIDM haloes and the effective radius of the galaxy, attributable to gravitational couplings between baryonic and dark matter components. Moreover, our exploration of dark matter fractions at characteristic radii indicates considerable diversity in dark matter distributions across dwarf galaxies. Notably, FDM and SIDM exhibit greater diversity than CDM in this respect.