Light focusing against tissue dynamics with real-valued intensity transmission matrix

Wavefront shaping (WFS) provides an effective solution to achieve light focusing through scattering medium by modulating the incident light field. However, achieving fast and stable optical focusing in dynamic tissues still faces significant challenges due to the short tissue decorrelation time. To address this problem, a novel wavefront shaping algorithm named real-valued intensity transmission matrix (RVITM) was proposed. Unlike methods based on multiple iterative optimizations, RVITM achieves fast optical focusing by establishing an approximate linear relationship between the input and the output light intensity. To explore the focusing potential of RVITM in dynamic tissues, the focusing performance of RVITM was evaluated by experimentally simulating the tissue environment under different dynamic conditions. The results showed that good optical focusing (enhancement >10) was maintained with a speckle decorrelation time of less than 50 ms. This high-speed WFS method holds promise for achieving real-time light focusing in deep biological tissues and lays a solid foundation for developing dynamic tissue imaging techniques.