Prevention and Treatment of Sports Injuries in Various Types of Athletics

Abstract This study is devoted to the investigation of the prevention and treatment of sports injuries in various types of athletics. The main purpose of the study was to identify effective methods of injury prevention and treatment, and to analyse the factors influencing the risk of their occurrence. The study involved 200 athletes of various ages and training levels participating in running, jumping, and throwing. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires of athletes, medical examinations, and analysis of medical records. The questionnaires included questions about the frequency and types of injuries, prevention and treatment methods, and risk factors such as training intensity and the use of protective equipment. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the most common injuries in athletes are sprains, muscle tears, fractures, and dislocations. It was found that runners most often suffer from knee and ankle injuries, jumpers – from back and lower limb injuries, and throwers – from injuries to the shoulder girdle and elbow joints. Effective prevention methods include regular warm-ups and cool down exercises, strengthening muscles and ligaments, using protective equipment and adjusting exercise technique. The treatment of injuries varies depending on their severity and includes conservative methods, physiotherapy, medication and, if necessary, surgery. The study also found that injury risk factors include the frequency and intensity of training, improper exercise technique, and lack of recovery time. Socio-economic status and access to medical care also play an important role. The findings of the study emphasise the need for an integrated approach to the prevention and treatment of sports injuries. Regular preventive measures, attention to exercise techniques and timely treatment contribute to reducing the risk of injury and improving the recovery of athletes.