Investigation of quantum optical phenomena in MXene with fiber Bragg grating technique

Transition metal carbides/nitrides or MXenes are an emerging category of two-dimensional (2D) materials known for their remarkable physicochemical properties. These properties include broad-band absorption, outstanding photothermal conversion capabilities, and fluorescence emission, making them well-suited for a range of applications such as sensing, imaging, nanophotonics, and optoelectronics. Understanding fundamental mechanisms underlying these optical properties is critical for the development of innovative optical devices for diverse applications in photonic and quantum technologies. Here, we present a unique approach to investigating the fundamental quantum optical phenomena in MXene using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology. The FBG coated with MXene 2D materials displays distinctive Bragg wavelength shifts when subjected to different excitation photon energies across a wide range of wavelengths from 365 nm to 600 nm. The results indicate energy-dependent excitonic transitions resulting from light-matter interactions. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate the detection of these quantum transitions at less than 100 microwatts of incident photons on the FBG. This innovative method of probing the quantum optical phenomena of MXene using FBG has the potential to offer new insights into the intricate optical phenomena of MXene and holds promise for next-generation quantum optical applications.