Monte Carlo simulation of temperature distribution for skin tissue during photobiomodulation

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive therapeutic technique that uses low-level laser to stimulate cellular function and promote healing. By delivering light at specific wavelengths, PBM interacts with cellular components to enhance tissue repair, reduce inflammation, and modulate pain. Temperature distribution during PBM treatment is a crucial factor in optimizing treatment protocols. The optical properties of the tissue, such as scattering and absorption, directly influence how heat is generated and distributed, impacting the effectiveness of PBM therapy. This study utilizes Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to model temperature distribution within simulated skin tissue during PBM treatment. By employing MC simulations in MATLAB, we investigate how variations in the tissue's scattering and absorption coefficients for epidermis, dermis and blood vessels impact the resulting temperature distribution. Understanding these thermal effects is crucial for optimizing PBM treatments. The tissue model is designed to simulate the complex interactions between light and biological tissue, capturing how light scattering and absorption affect heat generation and propagation. Temperature distribution within the simplified skin tissue is simulated under various conditions to evaluate the influence of different optical properties. The results of this simulation provide valuable insights into how adjustments to the PBM parameters can optimize therapeutic outcomes, ensuring effective treatment while minimizing the risk of thermal damage. This work aims to contribute to the refinement of PBM treatment protocols by offering a deeper understanding of the thermal dynamics in response to varying tissue optical properties. The findings could guide the development of more precise and personalized PBM therapies.