Collector Substations Location and Topology for Large Offshore Wind Farms Based on Wake Model

Wind energy plays an increasingly pivotal role in the global energy landscape, serving as a key driver for energy transition and the pursuit of sustainable development. This paper innovatively introduces a dynamic K-means algorithm with particle swarm optimization(DKM-PSO) to autonomously determine the optimal number and locations of offshore substations (OSs) in large-scale offshore wind farms (LOWFs). Additionally, the paper use a binary particle swarm optimization(BPSO) technique to identify the most suitable cable routing topology. This approach considers the power flow direction and the spatial arrangement of the offshore wind farm, facilitating the effective transmission of electricity generated by the wind turbines(WTs) to the OS. The ultimate goal of this optimization is to enhance economic efficiency. The proposed design has been validated through testing on a large-scale offshore wind farm cluster model. The results indicate that the new method offers cost savings compared to previous approaches.