Nuclear batteries: Potential, challenges and the future

Promising nuclear batteries, which generate power via nuclear decay reactions, have drawn intense attention over the years.This perspective article first provides a concise overview of the development of nuclear batteries, highlighting their unparalleled advantages in terms of energy density, stability and long life-span.Subsequently, the article focuses on their existing shortcomings like low power density, low conversion efficiency, and potential radioactive damage.The importance of conducting more comprehensive research works on recycling, battery failure, environmental impact and safety issues is also emphasized.Studies on this topic is on the rise in recent years, so we have good reason to believe in its bright future.