Portal Hypertension—Noninvasive Multiparametric Ultrasound‐Based Criteria and Measurements
ABSTRACT Portal hypertension, the most common complication in liver cirrhosis, is characterized by a pathologic increase in portal venous pressure. Portal hypertension is defined as a pressure gradient greater than 5 mmHg between the portal vein and the inferior caval vein. Clinically significant portal hypertension is determined by a hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) exceeding 10 mmHg. Complications are likely to occur if the pressure exceeds this threshold. The gold standard for assessing portal hypertension is the measurement of HVPG, which is an invasive procedure. This review discusses the various multiparametric capabilities of ultrasound, including B‐mode, color Doppler imaging, Doppler measurement, contrast‐enhanced ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound, and elastography to diagnose portal hypertension and assess its severity.
Authors
- Xiaolong Qi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3559-5855)
- Christian Jenssen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7008-6650)
- Christoph Frank Dietrich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6015-6347)
- Sven Mutze
- Benjamin Misselwitz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8719-5175)
- Burkhard Möller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8769-6167)
- Kathleen Möller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9492-0141)
- Riyad Abu El Hija
Institutions
- University of Bern (CH)
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald (DE)
- University Hospital of Bern (CH)
- LMU Klinikum (DE)
- Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg (DE)
- Hirslanden Klinik Beau-Site (CH)
- Krankenhaus Märkisch-Oderland (DE)
- Zhongda Hospital Southeast University (CN)
- Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin (DE)
- Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane (DE)
- Universitätsklinikum Brandenburg an der Havel (DE)
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering (CN)
- Southeast University (CN)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Portal hypertension & cirrhosis
- Published
- 2025-03-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/poh2.70002
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 3.97