Morphometric Characteristics of Cerebral Structures in Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome

Tic disorders, in particular Tourette syndrome, are a neurodevelopmental disorder common in children. Clinical manifestations of these disorders vary significantly depending on individual characteristics, age, gender, and the presence or absence of comorbidities. The pathophysiology of these disorders is believed to include a combination of genetic, environmental, psychological, immunological, and neurobiological factors. From the point of view of fundamental neurophysiology, Tourette syndrome is associated with a neurochemical imbalance of monoamines and morphometric changes affecting, in particular, neural networks that provide motor acts: the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cingulate cortex. To date, numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of many more brain areas, such as the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. This article presents the latest studies affecting the morphometric features of cerebral structures in patients with Tourette syndrome. During the analysis of the literature, a connection was revealed between the clinical manifestations of the disease and the morphometric characteristics of the basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, cingulate gyrus and prefrontal cortex of patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.