Shedding Light on a Rare Condition a Case Report and Literature Review on Primary Anorectal Melanoma

Anorectal melanoma is a rare and highly aggressive cancer, representing 0.5-1% of anorectal tumors and 1-2% of all melanomas. It predominantly affects older adults, with nonspecific symptoms like rectal discharge and pain, often leading to misdiagnosis. We present the case of a 50-year-old diabetic female diagnosed with locally advanced anorectal melanoma, who underwent abdominal-perineal amputation but succumbed to an ischemic stroke four months post-surgery. Treatment options are debated, with surgery being the primary method, though the prognosis remains poor due to early metastasis. While newer therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy, offer potential, their effect on survival is unclear. This case underscores the importance of considering anorectal melanoma in patients with unexplained anorectal lesions.